<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grubb, T L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riebold, T W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huber, M J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of lidocaine, xylazine, and xylazine/lidocaine for caudal epidural analgesia in horses.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analgesia, Epidural</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ataxia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catheters, Indwelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Combinations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lidocaine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pulse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xylazine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992 Oct 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1187-90</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caudal epidural analgesia was achieved in 6 adult horses on 3 successive occasions at weekly intervals by injection of lidocaine, xylazine, and a combination of lidocaine/xylazine through indwelling epidural catheters. Analgesia was defined as a lack of response to pinprick and hemostat pressure in the skin of the perineal area. A significant (P &lt; 0.05) difference was not found for time of onset of analgesia between lidocaine (4.3 +/- 0.8 minutes, mean +/- SEM) and the lidocaine/xylazine combination (5.3 +/- 1.3 minutes). Time to onset of analgesia after administration of xylazine was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) longer (32.0 +/- 3.4 minutes) than that for either of the other 2 treatments. Duration of analgesia was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) longer for the combination (329.8 +/- 6.2 minutes) than for either drug used alone (lidocaine, 87.2 +/- 7.5 minutes; xylazine, 204.2 +/- 12.9 minutes). Pulse and respiratory rates were not significantly altered by any of the drugs. Neurologic sequelae were not clinically apparent after administration of the drugs or after chronic epidural catheterization.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1429156?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>