<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig, A M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karchesy, Joseph J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blythe, L L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">del Pilar González-Hernández, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swan, Laurence R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicity studies on western juniper oil (Juniperus occidentalis) and Port-Orford-cedar oil (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) extracts utilizing local lymph node and acute dermal irritation assays.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicology letters</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicol. Lett.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irritants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juniperus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lymph Nodes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Inbred CBA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oils, Volatile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabbits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004 Dec 30</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">154</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217-24</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The essential oil extracts of western juniper oil (Juniperus occidentalis) and Port-Orford-cedar oil (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) were evaluated for possible dermal toxic effects on mice and rabbits. Mice were tested for their response to both extracts utilizing a local lymph node assay. Western juniper oil extract at 0.5% and 5% concentrations did not show a stimulation index (SI) greater than normal (3.0); however, a 50% concentration did show a positive response at 3.3. Port-Orford-cedar oil extract did not show a positive response at concentrations of 0.5%, 5% or 50%. An acute dermal irritation study using rabbits had a primary irritation index (PII) of 3.3 with 100% Port-Orford-cedar oil extract. This was reduced to a PII of 0.625 when diluted 1:1 with olive oil. Undiluted western juniper oil extract had a PII score of 2.7. While a 5.0% solution had a PII score of 0.3, a 0.5% solution of western juniper oil was a non-irritant. It would appear that animals bedded on wood shavings have contact with essential oils at concentrations far less than the 2% maximum by weight obtained by steam distillation extraction. These concentrations did not elicit a hypersensitivity response.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15501613?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>