<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luckschander, Nicole</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, Jean A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaschen, Frédéric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forster, Ursula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wenzlow, Nanny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hermann, Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allenspach, Karin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dobbelaere, Dirk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burgener, Iwan A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Welle, Monika</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in dogs with chronic enteropathies.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veterinary immunology and immunopathology</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Monoclonal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case-Control Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronic Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dog Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dogs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunohistochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inflammatory Bowel Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intestinal Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intestinal Mucosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrophages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NF-kappa B</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Feb 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">228-36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homeostasis in the intestinal microenvironment between the immune system and luminal antigens appears disturbed in chronic enteropathies. Pro-inflammatory cytokines likely play a role in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Several inflammatory and immunoregulatory genes have associated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding sites, which allow NF-kappaB to regulate gene transcription. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the occurrence of NF-kappaB activation during mucosal inflammation in situ, (2) the mucosal distribution pattern of cells expressing activated NF-kappaB within treatment groups, and (3) the effect of specific therapy on NF-kappaB activation. Dogs with chronic enteropathy were studied (n=26) and compared with 13 healthy dogs. Ten dogs had food responsive disease (FRD) and 16 had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NF-kappaB activation was detected in duodenal mucosal biopsies using a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAB 3026) that selectively binds the nuclear localization sequence of activated NF-kappaB. To identify macrophages, biopsies were stained using the MAC 387 antibody. Macrophages in the lamina propria double-stained for MAC 387 and NF-kappaB were quantitated; epithelial cell expression of activated NF-kappaB was determined semi-quantitatively. Results showed that more macrophages positive for activated NF-kappaB were present in lamina propria of dogs with chronic enteropathy compared to control dogs (p&lt;0.01). More NF-kappaB positive epithelial cells were observed in FRD dogs compared to IBD dogs (p&lt;0.05). After therapy, the number of macrophages and epithelial cells staining positive for activated NF-kappaB decreased (p&lt;0.01) in chronic enteropathy dogs. In conclusion, activation of NF-kappaB is closely associated with the pathophysiology of canine chronic enteropathy. Down-regulation follows successful therapy.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19740552?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>