Title | Transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter in healthy dogs. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2018 |
Authors | Smith, JJ, Fletcher, DJ, Cooley, SD, Thompson, MS |
Journal | J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) |
Volume | 28 |
Issue | 1 |
Pagination | 31-38 |
Date Published | 2018 Jan |
ISSN | 1476-4431 |
Keywords | Animals, Dogs, Female, Humans, Intracranial Hypertension, Male, Myelin Sheath, Optic Nerve, Prospective Studies, Reference Standards, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Ultrasonography |
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To develop a reference range for ultrasonographically measured optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD-US) in dogs. We hypothesized that ONSD-US can be measured reliably and is associated with weight but not age, sex, or body condition score (BCS), and that the relationship between weight and ONSD-US in dogs is allometric due to canine size variations. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Seventy-eight healthy adult dogs. INTERVENTIONS: The ONSD was measured by a standardized transpalpebral approach. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Regression analysis showed the relationship between weight and ONSD was better fit with a linear model (R = 0.8510) than an allometric model (R = 0.7917). Multiple regression analysis showed ONSD is associated with weight (P < 0.0001), age (P = 0.0021), and BCS (P = 0.0007), but not with sex. Dominance analysis showed 94.6% of the variance explained by the model was due to weight. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis showed excellent interobserver (ICC = 0.9338-0.9608) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.9893) reliability. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ONSD-US may be reliably measured in dogs using our described transpalpebral approach, and we have calculated prediction intervals based on body weight. Future studies are needed to determine if ONSD-US measurements are associated with intracranial hypertension as shown in human medicine. |
DOI | 10.1111/vec.12677 |
Alternate Journal | J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) |
PubMed ID | 29171933 |