Title | Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014-2018). |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Authors | Tomlinson, JE, Kapoor, A, Kumar, A, Tennant, BC, Laverack, MA, Beard, L, Delph, K, Davis, E, Ii, HSchott, Lascola, K, Holbrook, TC, Johnson, P, Taylor, SD, McKenzie, EC, Carter-Arnold, J, Setlakwe, E, Fultz, L, Brakenhoff, J, Ruby, R, Trivedi, S, Van de Walle, GR, Renshaw, RW, Dubovi, EJ, Divers, TJ |
Journal | J Vet Intern Med |
Volume | 33 |
Issue | 1 |
Pagination | 251-257 |
Date Published | 2019 Jan |
ISSN | 1939-1676 |
Keywords | Animals, Female, Flavivirus, Flavivirus Infections, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis, Viral, Animal, Horse Diseases, Horses, Liver, Male, Parvoviridae Infections, Parvovirus, Prospective Studies, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Theilovirus |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: Three flaviviruses (equine pegivirus [EPgV]; Theiler's disease-associated virus [TDAV]; non-primate hepacivirus [NPHV]) and equine parvovirus (EqPV-H) are present in equine blood products; the TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H have been suggested as potential causes of serum hepatitis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of these viruses in horses with equine serum hepatitis. ANIMALS: Eighteen horses diagnosed with serum hepatitis, enrolled from US referral hospitals. METHODS: In the prospective case study, liver, serum, or both samples were tested for EPgV, TDAV, NPHV, and EqPV-H by PCR. RESULTS: Both liver tissue and serum were tested for 6 cases, serum only for 8 cases, and liver only for 4 cases. Twelve horses received tetanus antitoxin (TAT) 4-12.7 weeks (median = 8 weeks), 3 horses received commercial equine plasma 6-8.6 weeks, and 3 horses received allogenic stem cells 6.4-7.6 weeks before the onset of hepatic failure. All samples were TDAV negative. Two of 14 serum samples were NPHV-positive. Six of 14 serum samples were EPgV-positive. All liver samples were NPHV-negative and EPgV-negative. EqPV-H was detected in the serum (N = 8), liver (N = 4), or both samples (N = 6) of all 18 cases. The TAT of the same lot number was available for virologic testing in 10 of 12 TAT-associated cases, and all 10 samples were EqPV-H positive. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: We demonstrated EqPV-H in 18 consecutive cases of serum hepatitis. EPgV, TDAV, and NPHV were not consistently present. This information should encourage blood product manufacturers to test for EqPV-H and eliminate EqPV-H-infected horses from their donor herds. |
DOI | 10.1111/jvim.15368 |
Alternate Journal | J Vet Intern Med |
PubMed ID | 30520162 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC6335536 |
Grant List | / / Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research / 2016-67015-24765 / / National Institute of Food and Agriculture / / / Niarchos Family / |